Description

Economics O Level Topical Paper

TABLE OF CONTENTS
UNIT – 1 BASIC ECONOMIC PROBLEM
1.1 FACTORS OF PRODUCTION
1.2 OPPORTUNITY COST AND SCARCITY (BASIC ECONOMIC PROBLEM)
1.3 PRODUCTION POSSIBILITY CURVE
UNIT – 2 DEMAND SUPPLY AND EQUILIBRIUM
2.2 DEMAND
2.3 MARKET EQUILIBRIUM & CHANGES IN EQUILIBRIUM
UNIT – 3 ELASTICITY
3.1 PRICE ELASTICITY OF DEMAND (PED)
3.2 PRICE ELASTICITY OF SUPPLY (PES)
3.3 ELASTICITY AND TAX INCIDENCE
UNIT – 4 PRODUCTION AND COST
4.1 PRIMARY, SECONDARY & TERTIARY SECTORS
4.2 TYPES OF COSTS
4.3 DIVISION OF LABOUR AND SPECIALIZATION
4.4 ECONOMIES & DISECONOMIES OF SCALE
4.5 SMALL FIRMS
4.6 SOURCES OF GROWTH OF FIRMS & INTEGRATION
4.7 PROFIT MAXIMISATION
UNIT – 5 TYPES OF BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS
5.1 TYPES OF BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS
5.2 MULTINATIONALS
UNIT – 6 MARKET STRUCTURES
6.1 MARKET STRUCTURES
6.2 ARE MONOPOLIES ARE ALWAYS BAD FOR CONSUMERS?
UNIT – 7 ECONOMIC SYSTEMS & ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES
7.1 PRIVATE AND PUBLIC SECTOR
7.2 LABOUR INTENSIVE VS CAPITAL INTENSIVE METHOD
7.3 ECONOMIC SYSTEMS
UNIT – 8 MARKET FAILURE
8.1 SOCIAL COSTS AND BENEFITS
8.2 CAUSES OF MARKET FAILURE
8.3 WHY GOVERNMENT PRODUCE GOODS & SERVICES
8.4 GOVERNMENT POLICIES AND THEIR LIMITATIONS
UNIT – 9 LABOUR MARKET
9.1 FACTORS DETERMINING WAGE RATE
9.2 WAGE DIFFERENTIALS
9.3 TRADE UNIONS
9.4 FACTORS AFFECTING CHOICE OF OCCUPATION
9.5 TYPES OF PAYMENTS
9.6 CHANGES IN EARNING IN LIFETIME
UNIT – 10 SPENDING, SAVING AND BORROWING
10.1 MOTIVES TO SPEND OR SAVE
10.2 SPENDING PATTERNS
UNIT – 11 GOVT INTERVENTION
11.1 TYPES OF TAXES SYSTEM AND DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME
11.2 DIRECT & INDIRECT TAXES
11.3 REASONS FOR TAXATION
11.4 OBJECTIVE AND FINANCE OF GOVERNMENT SPENDING
11.5 GOVERNMENT BUDGET
UNIT – 12 MONEY AND BANKING
12.1 FUNCTIONS OF MONEY
12.2 FUNCTION OF CENTRAL BANK
12.3 FUNCTION OF COMMERCIAL BANK
UNIT – 13 NATIONAL INCOME, AD & AS
13.1 NATIONAL INCOME
13.2 AD AND AS
UNIT – 14 INFLATION
14.1 MEANING OF INFLATION
14.2 CAUSES OF INFLATION
14.3 MEASUREMENT OF INFLATION
14.4 EFFECTS OF INFLATION
14.5 ACTUAL VALUE VS PERCENTAGE VALUE

UNIT – 15 EMPLOYMENT & UNEMPLOYMENT
15.1 MEANING OF UNEMPLOYMENT
15.2 TYPES & CAUSES OF UNEMPLOYMENT
15.3 EFFECTS OF UNEMPLOYMENT
15.4 FULL EMPLOYMENT
UNIT – 16 ECONOMIC GROWTH
16.1 ECONOMIC GROWTH
16.2 CAUSES OF ECONOMIC GROWTH
16.3 MEANING AND MEASUREMENT OF ECONOMIC GROWTH

UNIT – 17 POPULATION
17.1 FACTORS OF GROWTH IN POPULATION
17.2 AGEING POPULATION
17.3 TYPES OF POPULATION AND EFFECTS OF GROWTH IN POPULATION
UNIT – 18 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT & STANDARD OF LIVING
18 STANDARD OF LIVING
18.1 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
18.2 ABSOLUTE VS RELATIVE POVERTY
18.3 CAUSES AND POLICIES FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT & POVERTY
UNIT – 19 INTERNATIONAL TRADE
19.1 REASONS FOR SPECIALIZATION AND TRADE
19.2 METHODS OF PROTECTIONISM
19.3 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF FREE TRADE AND PROTECTIONISM
UNIT – 20 EXCHANGE RATE
20.1 MEANING OF EXCHANGE RATE
20.2 EXCHANGE RATE SYSTEMS
20.3 EFFECTS OF EXCHANGE RATE CHANGES
20.4 ADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGE OF EXCHANGE RATE SYSTEM
20.5 CAUSES OF EXCHANGE RATE DEPP/APP
UNIT – 21 BALANCE OF PAYMENT
21.1 BOP ACCOUNTS
21.2 CAUSES OF BOP DEFICIT/SURPLUS
21.3 EFFECTS OF BOP DEFICIT OR SURPLUS
UNIT – 22 GOVERNMENT MACROECONOMIC INTERVENTION
22.1 MACROECONOMIC AIMS & CONFLICTS
22.2 MACROECONOMIC POLICIES FOR CURRENT ACCOUNT DEFICIT
22.3 MACROECONOMIC POLICIES FOR ECONOMIC GROWTH AND EMPLOYMENT
20.4 MACROECONOMIC POLICIES FOR INFLATION
20.5 MACROECONOMIC POLICIES FOR MULTIPLE AIMS

UNIT – 23 OTHERS
SECTION A   202
J04/P2/Q1
N04/P2/Q1 DECLINE IN WORLD SUPPLY OF COTTON
J05/P2/Q1 EUROPEAN RECESSION
N05/P2/Q1 LESOTHO NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION
J06/P2/Q1 DEMAND FOR OIL IN INDIA
N06/P2/Q1 TRADE AND PRODUCTION IN BANGLADESH
J07/P2/Q1 AIRLINE INDUSTRY LOSSES
N07/P2/Q1 THE ROYAL MAIL
J08/P2/Q1 UK RAILWAY OPERATION
N08/P2/Q1 POPULATION IN BOTSWANA
J09/P2/Q1 ECONOMIC GROWTH IN UGANDA
N09/P2/Q1
J10/P2/Q1 ECONOMIC DOWNTURN PUTS PRESSURE ON NEW ZEALAND FIRMS TO BE MORE
PRODUCTIVE 221
N10/P2/Q1 THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK MEETS IN INDONESIA
J11/P2/Q1 THE DHAKA STOCK EXCHANGE IS DOING WELL
N11/P2/Q1 THE STRUGGLES OF THE IVORY COAST’S COCOA FARMERS
J12/P2/Q1 CHINA DECIDES TO MOVE TOWARDS A MORE FLEXIBLE EXCHANGE RATE
N12/P2/Q1 A NEW CITY IS TO BE BUILT IN GHANA
J13/P2/Q1 THE COMMUNICATIONS MONOPOLY IN MEXICO
N13/P2/Q1 PRICES RISE FASTER THAN WAGES IN THE UNITED KINGDOM (UK)
J14/P2/Q1 THE CHALLENGES FACING ANGOLA
N14/P2/Q1 FISCAL POLICY AND AN AGEING POPULATION IN JAPAN
J15/P2/Q1 PERU AND PANAMA
NOVEMBER 2015 PAPER 22
JUNE 2016 PAPER 22
NOVEMBER 2016 PAPER 22
JUNE 2017 PAPER 22
NOVEMBER 2017 PAPER 22